Which of the following methods is used to represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional plane?

The method used to represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional plane with precision and clarity is orthographic projection. This technique involves creating a series of views, typically the top, front, and side views, which are drawn on an aligned plane. Each view represents the object without perspective distortion, allowing for accurate measurements and scaling.

Orthographic projection is particularly useful in engineering and architectural design because it maintains the proportions and relationships of the object's features. This method enables engineers and designers to convey detailed specifications critical for manufacturing or constructing the object.

While isometric and axonometric projections do provide a sense of three-dimensionality, they often include perspective and can distort measurements, making them less accurate compared to orthographic projection. Pictorial projections are more illustrative and visually oriented, which can enhance understanding but may sacrifice the precision necessary for technical documentation. Thus, orthographic projection stands out as the most effective method for accurately representing three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional format.